What is a cleanroom?

2024-01-15

original

Marya

A cleanroom refers to a specially designed room that removes pollutants such as particles, harmful air, and bacteria from the air within a certain spatial range, and controls the indoor temperature, cleanliness, indoor pressure, airflow velocity and distribution, noise, vibration, lighting, and static electricity within a certain range of requirements.

1、Definition of Cleanroom

1)What is a cleanroom

2)Clean working principle

Air flow → initial purification → humidification section → heating section → surface cooling section → medium efficiency purification → fan supply → pipeline → high-efficiency purification air outlet → blowing into the room → taking away dust, bacteria and other particles → return air louvers → repeat the above process for initial purification to achieve the purification purpose.

2、Classified by purpose

1) Industrial cleanroom

Targeting the control of lifeless particles. Cleanroom mainly controls the pollution of air dust particles on the working object, and generally maintains a positive pressure state internally. It is suitable for various industries such as precision machinery industry, electronics industry (semiconductor, integrated circuit, etc.) aerospace industry, high-purity chemical industry, atomic energy industry, optical and magnetic product industry (optical disc, film, magnetic tape production) LCD (liquid crystal glass), computer hard disk, computer magnetic head production, etc.

2)Biological cleanroom

To control the contamination of working objects by living particles (bacteria) and inanimate particles (dust). It can also be divided into:
A. Generally, biological cleanrooms mainly control the contamination of microbial (bacterial) objects. At the same time, its internal materials should be able to withstand various sterilization agents and generally maintain positive pressure inside. In essence, its internal materials should be able to withstand various sterilization treatments in an industrial cleanroom.
B. Biological safety cleanroom: mainly controls the pollution of living particles from the working object to the outside world and humans. Internally, maintain negative pressure with the atmosphere.

3、Classified by airflow

1)Unidirectional flow cleanroom

Unidirectional flow cleanrooms, also known as laminar flow cleanrooms, are divided into vertical flow cleanrooms and horizontal flow cleanrooms. The airflow flows parallel, straight, and smoothly from the indoor supply side to the corresponding return air side. It compresses pollutants from indoor pollution sources out of the room before they diffuse into the room, and the incoming clean air isolates the pollution source.
Features: The streamline is unidirectionally parallel, which refers to the time averaged streamline being parallel to each other, with a single direction, and the clean air flow is not one or several streams, but fills the entire room section. Therefore, this cleanroom does not rely on the mixing and dilution effect of the clean air flow on the indoor dirty air, but on the pushing effect of the clean air flow to discharge the indoor dirty air along the entire section to the outside, achieving the purpose of purifying indoor air.

2)Turbulent cleanroom

A turbulent flow cleanroom, also known as a non unidirectional flow cleanroom, is a cleanroom that relies on the diffusion, mixing, and continuous dilution of indoor air by clean air supply to gradually discharge indoor pollution and achieve equilibrium. In short, the principle of a non unidirectional flow cleanroom is dilution. Features: A turbulent cleanroom relies on multiple air changes to achieve cleanliness and cleanliness levels. The number of air changes determines the purification level in the definition (the more air changes, the higher the purification level)

3)Radiant cleanroom

The radial flow cleanroom is also known as the radial flow cleanroom, and the supply and return air outlets need to be installed on opposite sides and arranged diagonally. The diffusion orifice plate of the air supply outlet is generally made into a 1/4 arc shape. Through this type of air supply outlet, a radiating clean airflow flows diagonally towards the lower return air outlet, pushing pollutants diagonally towards the return air area and finally discharging them indoors.
Features: Under the same cleanliness requirements, the required air supply is very small, the energy-saving effect is very significant, and the radiation flow cleanroom can reach a cleanliness level of 1000 or below. But the purification effect is better than that of non unidirectional flow cleanrooms.

4)Mixed flow cleanroom

The general form of a mixed flow cleanroom is that the entire cleanroom is a non unidirectional flow cleanroom, but a unidirectional flow pattern cleaning measure is required above areas with strict air cleanliness to obtain a unidirectional flow pattern clean area that meets the requirements, in order to prevent the relatively poor surrounding air environment from affecting local high cleanliness.
Features: Compress the area of vertical unidirectional flow to the minimum, and replace large unidirectional flow with large non unidirectional flow to reduce initial investment and operating costs.

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