How is the wastewater of pharmaceutical companies treated

2022-06-22

Original

Marya

Wastewater discharge from pharmaceutical companies is the focus of pollution prevention and control. The EIA will determine a reasonable wastewater treatment process based on the enterprise's production process, wastewater type, wastewater quality and quantity, etc.

1. Wastewater source and water quality ............................................................................................................................................................

1.1. Production process

The factory firstly prepares pure water and water for injection. The safflower extraction adopts the combined extraction process of water extraction and alcohol extraction. Then, the safflower extract is used as raw material for different configurations and packaging to produce small-volume injections and oral liquids. , freeze-dried powder injection and other products.

1.2. Wastewater source and water quality

1.2.1. Types of wastewater

There are many types of production wastewater generated in this project, mainly including equipment flushing water, decoction bag flushing water, electrodialysis flushing water, electrodialysis drainage, process cleaning wastewater, water bath sterilization drainage, a small amount of alcohol residual liquid, pure water and injection Concentrated water produced by water preparation, boiler sewage, equipment cooling sewage, air-conditioning system circulating sewage and other clean waste water. In addition, domestic sewage is produced.
In the above wastewater, except for the clean wastewater that can be directly discharged, the other types of wastewater need to enter the sewage treatment station in the factory for treatment.

1.2.2. Characteristics of wastewater

a) The pollutants are all conventional pollutants, namely COD, BOD5, SS, ammonia nitrogen, etc., without heavy metals and other toxic substances;

b) The quality and quantity of various types of wastewater vary greatly. Among them, the amount of alcohol residual liquid is very small (intermittent discharge, about 60 L/d on average), but the concentration of pollutants is very high, and CODCr is as high as about 18 000 mg/L; CODCr can reach 2 000 mg/L～4 000 mg/L; electrodialysis drainage, process cleaning wastewater, water bath sterilization drainage pollutant concentration is low; pure water and water for injection preparation of concentrated water is relatively clean, only The salt content is high, but the drainage is large;

c) According to the production characteristics, various types of waste water are mostly discharged intermittently, and the discharge is uneven, resulting in large fluctuations in the quality and quantity of waste water, which is extremely unstable;

d) The wastewater has good biodegradability.

1.2.3. Wastewater quality

According to the results of multiple monitoring of the quality of wastewater in various drainage links of the existing project and the amount of various types of wastewater, and considering the fluctuation of water quality, the water quality of the sewage treatment station is determined to be: chromaticity 200 to 300 times, CODCr 800 mg/L ～1 200 mg/L, BOD5 300 mg/L～500 mg/L, SS 200 mg/L～350 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen <40 mg/L.

2. Wastewater treatment process selection ...................................................................................................................................................

2.1. Existing traditional Chinese medicine wastewater treatment process

The traditional Chinese medicine wastewater treatment process includes: physicochemical method, biological method and physicochemical-biological method, of which physicochemical method can be used as a separate treatment process or as a pretreatment or post-treatment process of biological method.

a) Physical and chemical methods: including coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, air flotation, adsorption, ion exchange, membrane separation, neutralization, redox, extraction, stripping and stripping, etc. The commonly used processes are coagulation sedimentation method and air flotation method . For example, the self-made polymerized ferric silicate sulfate (PFSS) studied by Zheng Huaili et al. has a good flocculation effect on the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater;

b) Biological method: There are mainly anaerobic method and aerobic method. Anaerobic treatment includes UASB reactor, UBF anaerobic reactor, ABR anaerobic baffled reactor, hydrolysis acidification, etc., aerobic treatment includes ordinary activated sludge method, biological contact oxidation method, SBR method, oxidation ditch method, biological turntable law, CASS law, MBR law, etc.;

c) Physicochemical-biological method: refers to a combined process with biological method as the main process and physicochemical method as pre-treatment or post-treatment. The general combination method is pre-treatment-anaerobic-aerobic-post-treatment. The physicochemical-biological method is the most commonly used treatment process in the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater, and different combined processes can be used according to the characteristics of the wastewater.

At present, most extracting traditional Chinese medicine enterprises adopt the main process of anaerobic-aerobic treatment. Anaerobic treatment mainly adopts UASB reactor, UBF reactor, hydrolysis and acidification and other processes, and aerobic treatment mainly adopts biological contact oxidation method, SBR method, etc., the effect of wastewater treatment is relatively good.

2.2. Processing requirements

The wastewater discharge of the pharmaceutical factory should meet the requirements of Table 2 in GB21905-2008 Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Extraction Pharmaceutical Industry.

2.3. Selection of wastewater treatment process

Comparing the commonly used aerobic treatment processes, the common activated sludge method and the biological turntable have problems such as high engineering investment, complex process and inconvenient operation and management; although the oxidation ditch has a good treatment effect and a small amount of excess sludge, it occupies a large area. Although the SBR method only needs to set up a single reaction tank to complete the functions of adjustment, aeration, precipitation, etc., the process flow is simple, and the floor space is small, but the operation and management of this method are strict, and most of the automatic control equipment must rely on imports. High cost; biological contact oxidation method has high volume load, stable treatment effect, low sludge output, no sludge bulking phenomenon, and has mature experience in impact load, operation and management.

Compared with the previous biological treatment methods, the biological contact oxidation method has the characteristics of low operating cost, compact structure, less land occupation, low investment, convenient operation and management, etc., and is more suitable for the actual requirements of this project.

Therefore, the main process of the wastewater treatment process of this project adopts the biological contact oxidation method, and at the same time, an acidification hydrolysis tank is added in the treatment process to make the macromolecular organic matter in the influent water into small molecular organic matter, improve the biodegradability of wastewater, and facilitate aerobic Microbial decomposition and utilization, and remove part of the suspended solids.
In addition, in order to ensure the quality of the effluent, the follow-up treatment process of flocculation, sedimentation and filtration are added. The wastewater treatment process is finally determined as: hydrolysis acidification + two-stage contact oxidation + flocculation sedimentation + filtration process.

2.4. Processing efficiency

The wastewater treatment process has a good removal effect on COD, BOD5 and SS, and the removal rates reach 91.7%, 96% and 85.7% respectively. Due to the use of high-efficiency microbial technology, it can also effectively remove ammonia nitrogen in wastewater. After treatment, the effluent quality of the sewage treatment station is: CODCr<100 mg/L, BOD5<20 mg/L, chromaticity<50 times, SS<50 mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen<15 mg/L.

3. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) The contact oxidation process is adopted, the process is mature and the operation is stable; the acidification hydrolysis tank is added in the process to effectively improve the water quality, improve the biodegradability of wastewater, and remove some suspended solids;

b) Using a new type of combined filler + three-dimensional elastic filler, the microorganisms are well fixed and the film is easy to hang;

c) Adopt high-efficiency microbial sewage treatment technology, with strong microbial activity and high pollutant removal rate;

d) The whole project adopts fully automatic control, the sewage treatment system operates automatically, the operation is reliable and stable, and the shock load resistance is strong. The concentration of pollutants in the effluent is lower than the standard limit of GB21905-2008 water pollutant discharge standard for extraction pharmaceutical industry, and the discharge meets the standard.

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